php 接入 WebAuthn 登录

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zodream 编程技术 PHP 2023年10月

php 接入 WebAuthn 登录

字节数据传输(关键问题)

解决方法:使用 base64 编解码;

接下来 需要解决 base64 算法不一致问题,

例如:浏览器自带的 js

ts
  
window.btoa(val: string): string // base64 编码
window.atob(val: string): string // base64 解码
12

例如:php 自带的

php
  
base64_encode(val: string): string // base64 编码
base64_decode(val: string): string // base64 解码
12

实际,webAuthn 一些数据是 ArrayBuffer 所以默认的就不行了

js base64 处理

ts
                                                                  
class Base64 {

    private static chars = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_';
    private static lookup = new Uint8Array(256);
    private static booted = false;

    private static ready() {
        if (this.booted) {
            return;
        }
        this.booted = true;
        for (let i = 0; i < this.chars.length; i++) {
            this.lookup[this.chars.charCodeAt(i)] = i;
        }
    }

    public static encode(arraybuffer: ArrayBuffer): string {
        const bytes = new Uint8Array(arraybuffer);
        const len = bytes.length;
        let base64 = '';

        for (let i = 0; i < len; i += 3) {
            base64 += this.chars[bytes[i] >> 2];
            base64 += this.chars[((bytes[i] & 3) << 4) | (bytes[i + 1] >> 4)];
            base64 += this.chars[((bytes[i + 1] & 15) << 2) | (bytes[i + 2] >> 6)];
            base64 += this.chars[bytes[i + 2] & 63];
        }

        if (len % 3 === 2) {
            base64 = base64.substring(0, base64.length - 1);
        } else if (len % 3 === 1) {
            base64 = base64.substring(0, base64.length - 2);
        }

        return base64;
    }

    public static decode(base64: string): ArrayBuffer {
        const len = base64.length;
        const bufferLength = len * 0.75;
        const arraybuffer = new ArrayBuffer(bufferLength);
        const bytes = new Uint8Array(arraybuffer);

        let p = 0;
        for (let i = 0; i < len; i += 4) {
            const encoded1 = this.lookup[base64.charCodeAt(i)];
            const encoded2 = this.lookup[base64.charCodeAt(i + 1)];
            const encoded3 = this.lookup[base64.charCodeAt(i + 2)];
            const encoded4 = this.lookup[base64.charCodeAt(i + 3)];

            bytes[p++] = (encoded1 << 2) | (encoded2 >> 4);
            bytes[p++] = ((encoded2 & 15) << 4) | (encoded3 >> 2);
            bytes[p++] = ((encoded3 & 3) << 6) | (encoded4 & 63);
        }

        return arraybuffer;
    }

    public static toBuffer(val: string): ArrayBuffer {
        const items: number[] = [];
        for (let i = 0; i < val.length; i++) {
            items.push(val.charCodeAt(i));
        }
        return new Uint8Array(items);
    }
}
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php 实际只要实现一个 base64 解码就行了,其他的通过字符串传给前端,前端在转成 ArrayBuffer

php
                           

    public static function decodeBase64(string $base64): string {
        static $lookup = [];
        if (empty($lookup)) {
            $chars = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_';
            for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($chars); $i ++) {
                $lookup[ord(substr($chars, $i, 1))] = $i;
            }
        }
        $len = strlen($base64);
        $maxLen = (int)floor($len * .75);
        $buffer = [];
        for ($i = 0; $i < $len; $i += 4) {
            $encoded1 = $lookup[ord(substr($base64, $i, 1))];
            $encoded2 = $lookup[ord(substr($base64, $i + 1, 1))];
            $encoded3 = $lookup[ord(substr($base64, $i + 2, 1))];
            $encoded4 = $lookup[ord(substr($base64, $i + 3, 1))];

            $buffer[] = chr(($encoded1 << 2) | ($encoded2 >> 4));
            $buffer[] = chr((($encoded2 & 15) << 4) | ($encoded3 >> 2));
            $buffer[] = chr((($encoded3 & 3) << 6) | ($encoded4 & 63));
        }
        if (count($buffer) > $maxLen) {
            array_splice($buffer, $maxLen);
        }
        return implode('', $buffer);
    }
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准备工作

一个 php 的 CBOR 解码库

 
composer install spomky-labs/cbor-php
1

一个 php 的 pem 转换库, 因为从浏览器获取的公钥是没法直接通过 openssl_get_publickey 加载的

这些都可以通过一个库解决,不过依赖库比较多

 
composer install web-auth/webauthn-framework
1

步骤

  1. 第一步,注册 Passkey, 在已登录的情况下,点击一个按钮进行注册
html
 
<button class="register-webauth">注册Passkey</button>
1
ts
                          
$('.register-webauth').on('click',function() {
    if (!navigator.credentials) {
        return;
    }
    // 从后台获取注册需要数据,包含当前登录账户的id
    $.getJSON(baseUri + '/passkey/register_option', res => {
        const data = res.data;
        data.challenge = Base64.toBuffer(data.challenge);
        data.user.id = Base64.toBuffer(data.user.id);
        navigator.credentials.create({
            publicKey: data
        })
        .then((credential: any) => {
            const response = credential.response as AuthenticatorAttestationResponse;
            // 保存注册成功的 credentialId 和 公钥
            $.post(baseUri + '/passkey/register', {credential: {
                id: credential.id,
                clientDataJSON: Base64.encode(response.clientDataJSON),
                attestationObject: Base64.encode(response.attestationObject),
                publicKeyAlgorithm: response.getPublicKeyAlgorithm(),
            }}, res => {}, 'json');
        })
        .catch(console.error);
    });

}).toggle(!!navigator.credentials);
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  1. 注册需要的数据

passkey/register_option

php
                               
return [
    'challenge' => $challenge, // 随机的字符串,防止重复操作,需要保存,获取到 公钥后需要验证
    'rp' => [
        'name' => Option::value('site_title'),
        'id' => request()->host()
    ],
    'user' => [
        'id' => (string)$user->getIdentity(), // 用户id
        'name' => $user->email,               // 用户邮箱
        'displayName' => $user->name          // 显示的名
    ],
    'pubKeyCredParams' => [[
        'alg' => -7,                          // ES256 公钥类型
        'type' => 'public-key'
    ], [
        'type' => 'public-key',
        'alg' => -257                         // RS256 公钥类型,这个选项好像是必须的,不然可能不成功
    ]],
    'timeout' => $timeout * 1000,
    'excludeCredentials' => [],
    'attestation' => 'none',
    'authenticatorSelection' => [
        'authenticatorAttachment' => "platform",
        "residentKey" => "preferred",
        'requireResidentKey' => false,
        'userVerification' => 'preferred'
    ],
    'extensions' => [
        'credProps' => true
    ]
];
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  1. 保存注册成功的公钥

passkey/register

php
                 
public static function register(array $credential): void {
    $clientDataJSON = Json::decode(base64_decode($credential['clientDataJSON']));
    if ($clientDataJSON['type'] !== 'webauthn.create') {
        throw new \Exception('type is error');
    }
    $challenge = base64_decode($clientDataJSON['challenge']);
    // TODO 验证临时

    $obj = static::parseAuthenticatorData($credential['attestationObject']);
    // 解码 attestationObject,获取 公钥
    if (empty($obj) || empty($obj['publicKey'])) {
        throw new Exception('attestation is error');
    }
    self::saveCredential($credential['id'], $obj['publicKey'],
        intval($credential['publicKeyAlgorithm']));
    // TODO 保存公钥
}
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  1. 登录页添加,使用 Passkey 登录的按钮
html
 
<button class="login-webauth">Passkey 登录</button>
1
ts
                             
$('.login-webauth').on('click',function() {
    if (!navigator.credentials) {
        return;
    }
    // 从后台获取登录需要数据
    $.getJSON(baseUri + '/passkey/login_option', res => {
        const data = res.data;
        data.challenge = Base64.toBuffer(data.challenge);
        navigator.credentials.get({
            publicKey: data
        })
        .then((credential: any) => {
            const response = credential.response as AuthenticatorAssertionResponse;
            // 获取登录结果,验证数据有效,根据id登录
            $.post(baseUri + '/passkey/login', {
                credential: {
                    id: credential.id,
                    clientDataJSON: Base64.encode(response.clientDataJSON),
                    authenticatorData: Base64.encode(response.authenticatorData),
                    userHandle: Base64.encode(response.userHandle),
                    signature: Base64.encode(response.signature)
                },
                redirect_uri: $('[name=redirect_uri]').val()
            }, res => {}, 'json');
        })
        .catch(console.error);
    });

}).toggle(!!navigator.credentials);
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  1. 登录需要的数据

passkey/login_option

php
       
return [
    'challenge' => $challenge, // 防止重复操作的随机的字符串
    'timeout' => $timeout * 1000,
    'rpId' => request()->host(),
    'allowCredentials' => [],
    'userVerification' => 'preferred'
];
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  1. 验证登录数据,登录id

passkey/login

php
                                           
    public static function login(array $credential): void {
        $clientDataJSON = Json::decode(base64_decode($credential['clientDataJSON']));
        $challenge = base64_decode($clientDataJSON['challenge']);
        $key = sprintf('%s-%s', self::REGISTER_KEY, $challenge);
        if (!cache()->has($key)) {
            throw new \Exception('challenge is expired');
        }
        $userId = base64_decode($credential['userHandle']);
        // 可以验证 credentialId 的 hash 值是否一致 
        $signature = $credential['signature'];
        self::loadCredential(intval($userId), $credential['id'], $signature, $credential);
    }

    /**
     * 验证的登录数据
     * @param int $userId
     * @param string $credentialId
     * @param string $signature
     * @param array $credential
     * @return void
     * @throws \Exception
     */
    protected static function loadCredential(int $userId, string $credentialId,  string $signature, array $credential) {
        // 获取保存的 公钥
        $key = '';
        if (empty($key)) {
            throw new \Exception('验证失败');
        }
        $data = CBOR::decodeBase64($credential['authenticatorData']);
        $pkey = openssl_get_publickey($key);
        if (empty($pkey)) {
            throw new Exception('public key is error');
        }
        if (!openssl_verify($data.self::hash(CBOR::decodeBase64($credential['clientDataJSON'])),
            CBOR::decodeBase64($signature), $pkey, \OPENSSL_ALGO_SHA256)) {
            throw new \Exception('signature is error');
        }
        // TODO 登录
    }

    private static function hash(string $val): string {
        return \hash('sha256', $val, true);
    }
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源码

PassKey主文件

CBOR

PEM

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